- Worst Menopause Symptoms May Start in Brain
"This is an important new concept: Menopause doesn't just originate in the ovary, but also in the brain," said Laura Goldsmith, a professor of obstetrics and gynecology and women's health at the New Jersey Medical School of the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey. - Hoodia Gordonii Helps you Lose Weight
Hoodia gordonii looks like a cactus, but it's actually a succulent from the Kalahari Desert in southern Africa. Bushmen from the area have been using hoodia for centuries to help ward off hunger during long trips in the desert. - Hoodia Gordonii Cactus
According to the British Heart Foundation 17% of men and 21% of women are obese, while 46% of men and 32% of women are overweight. - Morbidity and Mortality Meeting
In Gilgit she was being treated as a case of genital Tuberculosis without any objective genitourinary complaints or symptoms, She took ATT for 2 months and then stopped b/c of drug induced Acute Hepatitis. - Hoodia Diet Pills- An Excellent Weight Loss Pill
According to Phytopharm, the company that holds the patent on the process to extract ?P57' an active ingredient from hoodia, human subjects taking hoodia roots reduced their calorie intake by as much as 2k calories a day. So figures are impressive, and so far the overall results are satisfactory. - The Clinical Approach to Acid-Base Disorders
Methods to Interconvert pH and [H+]: The 0.1 pH Change Rule:
PH Conversion Factor [H+] nmol/L
6.90 100 / 0.8 125
7.00 100 100
7.10 100 X 0.8 80
7.20 100 X 0.8 X 0.8 64 - The Clinical Approach to Acid-Base Disorders
Methods to Interconvert pH and [H+]: The 0.1 pH Change Rule:
PH Conversion Factor [H+] nmol/L
6.90 100 / 0.8 125
7.00 100 100
7.10 100 X 0.8 80
7.20 100 X 0.8 X 0.8 64 - Pulmonary Function Testing
Pulmonary Function Issues Related to Measured Values:
Overinflation of Lungs
Emphysema - COPD - Permanently
Asthma - Acutely
? RV + Ratio RV/TLC
FEV1/ FVC ratio falls below 80% - Also flow rates fall
With age (lungs less compliant)
Falls with obstructive diseases; e.g. asthma/bronchitis
Asthma - obstructive disease ? increased collapsing force of large airways
obstruction to expiratory flow ? lung volume
bronchodilators may return flow to normal
Early COPD - characterized by irreversible ? in small airway resistance that reduces expiratory flow
not very responsive to dilators
Severe COPD - ? small & large airway resist
severe flow limitations bronchodilators ? little help
chronic bronchitis and emphysema
Emphysema - loss of elastic recoil ? ? small airway collapse during expiration, thereby ? resistance
Max Expiratory Flow ?
Bronchodilators have no effect
? FRC + TLC - Respiratory Disease and Lung Function
Data Collection:
Questionnaire data were collected by trained interviewers who gathered information on race/ethnicity, medical history, socioeconomic status, use of medication, and smoking history.
Participants were also asked whether they had taken any of the following pain medications in the last month and, if so, how often they had used each:
aspirin (including Anacin, Bufferin, Ecotrin, Ascriptin, or Midol), acetaminophen (including Tylenol, Anacin-3), and ibuprofen (including Advil, Nuprin, Medipren). - Guillain Barre Syndrome
Me score on the Glasgow Outcome Scale at eight weeks (a score of 5, indicating a favorable outcome, vs. a score of 1 to 4, indicating an unfavorable outcome).
The mortality rate among adults with acute bacterial meningitis and the frequency of neurologic sequelae among those who survive are high, especially among patients with pneumococcal meningitis. - Guillain Barre Syndrome
Me score on the Glasgow Outcome Scale at eight weeks (a score of 5, indicating a favorable outcome, vs. a score of 1 to 4, indicating an unfavorable outcome).
The mortality rate among adults with acute bacterial meningitis and the frequency of neurologic sequelae among those who survive are high, especially among patients with pneumococcal meningitis. - Hyponatremia by eHealthGuide.info
Hyponatremia:
Plasma Na < 135meq /L
Almost always due to ADH Secretion
Appropriate
Inappropriat
One Exception: Primary Polydipsia supression of ADH Secretion BUT still overwhelms kidneys diluting ability Free water retention & Hyponatremia
Epidemiology of Hyponatremia:
Hyponatremia is among the most common electrolyte disorders encountered in clinical medicine, with an incidence of 0.97% and a prevalence of 2.48% in hospitalized adult patients when plasma [Na+ ] concentration below 130 mEq/L is the diagnostic criterion.
Clinical Manifestations:
< 125 mEq/l
Malaise - Muscle cramps
Nausea, Vomiting, Headache
Hypotension Tachycardia
< 110 mEq/L
Confusion, convulsions, coma - Drug Resistance In Tuberculosis
Inadequate Prescribing Practice:
In 1995 25% of new cases of TB were initially treated with 2-3 drugs regimen
2 Surveys by AKUH among GP & Interns
Once resistance develops, prescribing errors, usually by inexperienced physicians can exacerbate situation.
Review of patients referred to National Jewish Hospital (Denver) for management of complex MDR-TB documented an average of 3.93 prescribing errors per patient. - Dexamethasone in Adults with Bacterial Meningitis
Methods:
a prospective, randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial of adjuvant treatment with dexamethasone, as compared with placebo, in adults with acute bacterial meningitis.
Dexamethasone (10 mg) or placebo was administered 15 to 20 minutes before or with the first dose of antibiotic and was given every 6 hours for four days.
The primary outcome measure was the score on the Glasgow Outcome Scale at eight weeks (a score of 5, indicating a favorable outcome, vs. a score of 1 to 4, indicating an unfavorable outcome).
The mortality rate among adults with acute bacterial meningitis and the frequency of neurologic sequelae among those who survive are high, especially among patients with pneumococcal meningitis. - Common Bleeding Disorders
Hemophilia in Pakistan:
A relatively young country, with an ancient past, Pakistan achieved independence from Britain on August 14, 1947, after its bloody partition from India.
Pakistan's health care system has crumbled: public hospitals are in appalling condition, even basic treatment unavailable for many common disorders.
Private hospitals-modern and fully equipped-foster the only available research, and provide the most advanced and comprehensive care for people with hemophilia, but are extremely expensive and beyond the reach of most.
No infrastructure currently exists to provide public and free care to people with this lifelong bleeding disorder.
Of the estimated 12,000 people with hemophilia in Pakistan, only 3,100 have been identified.
Until early 1980, hemophilia was not even known to exist within the country, and only a few patients were alive. In 1982 the first blood bank was formed.
Currently only five major cities-Karachi, Lahore, Rawalpindi-Islamabad, Peshawar Multan, Faisalabad and Quetta-now have facilities to provide plasma or cryo.
And treatment at its best in Pakistan is still primitive by Western standards. Virally inactivated high or intermediate purity factor concentrates are available only to the minority elite, who are wealthy enough to pay out of pocket. But the majority of patients, the poor, receive plasma or cryo. They most often receive inferior plasma, which is not always screened for HBV, HCV and HIV.
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